UFCW Canada released its annual report on the status of migrant agricultural workers on Dec. 18, calling for immediate structural reforms to protect tens of thousands of workers who sustain Canada’s food system.
The report, titled “The Status of Migrant Agricultural Workers in Canada 2025,” states that migrant workers remain among the country’s most precarious employees despite decades of calls for reform. Workers are excluded from full labour protections, tied to employer-specific permits, and often unable to raise concerns without risking their employment or immigration status.
Current state of migrant workers
Tens of thousands of migrant workers support Canada’s multi-billion dollar agricultural industry and national food security. According to the report, workers have described their conditions as “systematic slavery.”
In September 2023, UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery Tomoya Obokata raised concerns about Canada’s temporary foreign worker programs, stating they can foster contemporary forms of slavery.
Report findings
The report states that Canada is falling short of its International Labour Organization Decent Work obligations. Closed work permits remain a structural source of exploitation, work permits for vulnerable workers are underutilized, and full labour-market mobility with real pathways to permanent residency is needed, according to the union.
UFCW Canada identifies unionization as the most effective protection for migrant agricultural workers, pointing to the recent unionization of mushroom workers in British Columbia. The union also calls for sectoral bargaining for the agricultural sector, citing proven success in other countries.
Union response
“What we need now is the political will to embed the principles of decent work in the fields,” said Barry Sawyer, UFCW Canada National President. “We need a real voice for workers, and genuine mobility, safe workplaces, and a stable future in Canada for those who grow our food.”
Sawyer said UFCW Canada stands ready to engage in social dialogue with governments and employers to design and implement the reforms outlined in the report.
The report calls for comprehensive transformation focused on structural solutions rooted in human rights, international labour standards, and worker empowerment.
UFCW Canada represents more than 255,000 members across Canada working in the food industry. The union has advocated for domestic and migrant agricultural workers for 30 years.
